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<title>Chromatic scale</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromatic scale</span></span>

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<p>The <b>chromatic scale</b> (or <b>twelve-tone scale</b>) is a set of twelve <a href="Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitches</a> (more completely, <a href="Pitch_class" title="Pitch class">pitch classes</a>) used in <a href="Tonality" title="Tonality">tonal</a> music, with notes separated by the <a href="Interval_(music)" title="Interval (music)">interval</a> of a <a href="Semitone" title="Semitone">semitone</a>. <a href="Diatonic_and_chromatic#Musical_instruments" title="Diatonic and chromatic">Chromatic instruments</a>, such as the <a href="Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>, are made to produce the chromatic scale, while other instruments capable of continuously variable pitch, such as the <a href="Trombone" title="Trombone">trombone</a> and <a href="Violin" title="Violin">violin</a>, can also produce <a href="Microtones" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtones">microtones</a>, or notes between those available on a piano.

</p><p>Most music uses subsets of the chromatic scale such as <a href="Diatonic_scale" title="Diatonic scale">diatonic scales</a>. While the chromatic scale is fundamental in western <a href="Music_theory" title="Music theory">music theory</a>, it is seldom directly used in its entirety in <a href="Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">musical compositions</a> or <a href="Musical_improvisation" title="Musical improvisation">improvisation</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div>

<p>The chromatic scale is a <a href="Musical_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical scale">musical scale</a> with twelve <a href="Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitches</a>, each a <a href="Semitone" title="Semitone">semitone</a>, also known as a half-step, above or below its adjacent pitches. As a result, in <a href="12_tone_equal_temperament" class="mw-redirect" title="12 tone equal temperament">12-tone equal temperament</a> (the most common tuning in Western music), the chromatic scale covers all 12 of the available pitches. Thus, there is only one chromatic scale.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ratio of the <a href="Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a> of one note in the scale to that of the preceding note is given by <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{12}]{2}}\approxeq 1.06}">

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{12}]{2}}\approxeq 1.06}</annotation>

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</math></span><img src="./1241dd2aeab3b8ebf705cfe7d1ca86f0c07d905b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.339ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\sqrt[{12}]{2}}\approxeq 1.06}" loading="lazy"></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In equal temperament, all the semitones have the same <a href="Interval_(music)#Size" title="Interval (music)">size</a> (100 <a href="Cent_(music)" title="Cent (music)">cents</a>), and there are twelve semitones in an <a href="Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> (1200 cents). As a result, the notes of an equal-tempered chromatic scale are equally-spaced.

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The <i>chromatic scale</i>...is a series of half steps which comprises all the pitches of our [12-tone] equal-tempered system.</p></blockquote><div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">— <a href="Allen_Forte" title="Allen Forte">Allen Forte</a> (1979)<sup id="cite_ref-Forte_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forte-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></div>

<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>All of the pitches in common use, considered together, constitute the <i>chromatic scale</i>. It is made up entirely of successive half steps, the smallest interval in Western music....Counting by half steps, an octave includes twelve different pitches, white and black keys together. The chromatic scale, then, is a collection of all the available pitches in order upward or downward, one octave's worth after another.</p></blockquote><div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">— <a href="Walter_Piston" title="Walter Piston">Walter Piston</a> (1987)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></div>

<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A <i>chromatic scale</i> is a <a href="Diatonic_scale" title="Diatonic scale">nondiatonic scale</a> consisting entirely of half-step intervals. Since each tone of the scale is equidistant from the next [<a href="Symmetric_scale" title="Symmetric scale">symmetry</a>] it has no <a href="Tonic_(music)" title="Tonic (music)">tonic</a> [<a href="Key_(music)" title="Key (music)">key</a>].<sup id="cite_ref-B&S_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B&S-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ...<br>

<a href="Chromaticism" title="Chromaticism">Chromaticism</a> [is t]he introduction of some pitches of the chromatic scale into music that is basically diatonic in orientation, or music that is based on the chromatic scale instead of the diatonic scales.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">— Benward & Saker (2003)</p></div>

<p>The ascending and descending chromatic scale is shown below.<sup id="cite_ref-B&S_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B&S-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The twelve notes of the octave—<i>all</i> the black and white keys in one octave on the piano—form the <i>chromatic scale</i>. The tones of the chromatic scale (unlike those of the major or minor scale) are all the same distance apart, one half step.

The word <i>chromatic</i> comes from the Greek <i>chroma</i>, <i>color</i>; and the traditional function of the chromatic scale is to color or embellish the tones of the major and minor scales. It does not define a key, but it gives a sense of motion and tension. It has long been used to evoke grief, loss, or sorrow. In the twentieth century it has also become independent of major and minor scales and is used as the basis for entire compositions.</p></blockquote><div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">— <a href="Roger_Kamien" title="Roger Kamien">Roger Kamien</a> (1976)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notation">Notation</h2></div>

<p>The chromatic scale has no set <a href="Enharmonic_spelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Enharmonic spelling">enharmonic spelling</a> that is always used. Its spelling is, however, often dependent upon <a href="Major_and_minor" title="Major and minor">major or minor</a> key signatures and whether the scale is ascending or descending. In general, the chromatic scale is usually notated with <a href="Sharp_(music)" title="Sharp (music)">sharp signs</a> when ascending and <a href="Flat_(music)" title="Flat (music)">flat signs</a> when descending. It is also notated so that no <a href="Degree_(music)" title="Degree (music)">scale degree</a> is used more than twice in succession (for instance, G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> – G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-natural">♮</span></span> – G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>).

</p><p>Similarly, some notes of the chromatic scale have enharmonic equivalents in <a href="Solfege" class="mw-redirect" title="Solfege">solfege</a>. The rising scale is Do, Di, Re, Ri, Mi, Fa, Fi, Sol, Si, La, Li, Ti and the descending is Ti, Te/Ta, La, Le/Lo, Sol, Se, Fa, Mi, Me/Ma, Re, Ra, Do, However, once 0 is given to a note, due to <a href="Octave_equivalence" class="mw-redirect" title="Octave equivalence">octave equivalence</a>, the chromatic scale may be indicated unambiguously by the numbers 0-11 <a href="Modular_arithmetic" title="Modular arithmetic">mod twelve</a>. Thus two perfect fifths are 0-7-2. <a href="Tone_row" title="Tone row">Tone rows</a>, orderings used in the <a href="Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">twelve-tone technique</a>, are often considered this way due to the increased ease of comparing inverse intervals and forms (<a href="Inversional_equivalence" class="mw-redirect" title="Inversional equivalence">inversional equivalence</a>).

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pitch-rational_tunings">Pitch-rational tunings</h2></div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pythagorean">Pythagorean</h3></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Pythagorean_tuning" title="Pythagorean tuning">Pythagorean tuning</a></div>

<p>The most common conception of the chromatic scale before the 13th century was the <a href="Pythagorean_tuning" title="Pythagorean tuning">Pythagorean chromatic scale</a> (<span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/97\/Sh%C3%AD_%C3%A8r_l%C7%9C_on_C.mid\/Sh%C3%AD_%C3%A8r_l%C7%9C_on_C.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Sh\u00ed \u00e8r l\u01dc on C.mid"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/Sh%C3%AD_%C3%A8r_l%C7%9C_on_C.mid/Sh%C3%AD_%C3%A8r_l%C7%9C_on_C.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable">ⓘ</sup></span>). Due to a different tuning technique, the twelve semitones in this scale have two slightly different sizes. Thus, the scale is not perfectly symmetric. Many other <a href="Tuning_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuning system">tuning systems</a>, developed in the ensuing centuries, share a similar asymmetry.

</p><p>In Pythagorean tuning (i.e. 3-limit <a href="Just_intonation" title="Just intonation">just intonation</a>) the chromatic scale is tuned as follows, in perfect fifths from G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> to A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> centered on D (in bold) (G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>–D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>–A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>–E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>–B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>–F–C–G–<b>D</b>–A–E–B–F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>–C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>–G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>–D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>–A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>), with sharps <i>higher</i> than their <a href="Enharmonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Enharmonic">enharmonic</a> flats (cents rounded to one decimal):

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<th width="4%">C

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<th width="4%">D

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<th width="4%">E

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<th width="4%">G

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<th width="4%">A

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</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">256</span>⁄<span class="den">243</span></span></td>

<td>2

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<th>Cents

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<td>1200

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<p>where <span class="frac"><span class="num">256</span>⁄<span class="den">243</span></span> is a diatonic semitone (<a href="Pythagorean_limma" class="mw-redirect" title="Pythagorean limma">Pythagorean limma</a>) and <span class="frac"><span class="num">2187</span>⁄<span class="den">2048</span></span> is a chromatic semitone (<a href="Pythagorean_apotome" class="mw-redirect" title="Pythagorean apotome">Pythagorean apotome</a>).

</p><p>The chromatic scale in Pythagorean tuning can be tempered to the <a href="17_equal_temperament" title="17 equal temperament">17-EDO tuning</a> (P5 = 10 steps = 705.88 cents).

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Just_intonation">Just intonation</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Just_intonation#Twelve-tone_scale" title="Just intonation">Just intonation § Twelve-tone scale</a></div>

<p>In 5-limit <a href="Just_intonation" title="Just intonation">just intonation</a> the chromatic scale, <b>Ptolemy's intense chromatic scale</b>, is as follows, with flats <i>higher</i> than their enharmonic sharps, and new notes between E–F and B–C (cents rounded to one decimal):

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<th>Pitch ratio

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<td>2

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<th>Cents

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<td>1200

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<p>The fractions <span class="frac"><span class="num">9</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> and <span class="frac"><span class="num">10</span>⁄<span class="den">9</span></span>, <span class="frac"><span class="num">6</span>⁄<span class="den">5</span></span> and <span class="frac"><span class="num">32</span>⁄<span class="den">27</span></span>, <span class="frac"><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> and <span class="frac"><span class="num">81</span>⁄<span class="den">64</span></span>, <span class="frac"><span class="num">4</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> and <span class="frac"><span class="num">27</span>⁄<span class="den">20</span></span>, and many other pairs are interchangeable, as <span class="frac"><span class="num">81</span>⁄<span class="den">80</span></span> (the <a href="Syntonic_comma" title="Syntonic comma">syntonic comma</a>) is tempered out.

</p><p>Just intonation tuning can be approximated by <a href="19_equal_temperament" title="19 equal temperament">19-EDO tuning</a> (P5 = 11 steps = 694.74 cents).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-Western_cultures">Non-Western cultures</h2></div>

<p>The ancient <a href="Music_of_China" title="Music of China">Chinese</a> chromatic scale is called <i><a href="Sh%C3%AD-%C3%A8r-l%C7%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Shí-èr-lǜ">Shí-èr-lǜ</a></i>. However, "it should not be imagined that this <a href="Diatonic_and_chromatic#Diatonic_scales" title="Diatonic and chromatic">gamut</a> ever functioned as a <a href="Scale_(music)" title="Scale (music)">scale</a>, and it is erroneous to refer to the 'Chinese chromatic scale', as some Western writers have done. The series of twelve notes known as the twelve <i>lü</i> were simply a series of <a href="Tonic_(music)" title="Tonic (music)">fundamental notes</a> from which scales could be constructed."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, "from the standpoint of tonal music [the chromatic scale] is not an independent scale, but derives from the diatonic scale,"<sup id="cite_ref-Forte_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forte-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making the <i>Western chromatic scale</i> a gamut of fundamental notes from which scales could be constructed as well.

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<ul><li><a href="Atonality" title="Atonality">Atonality</a></li>

<li><a href="Chromaticism" title="Chromaticism">Chromaticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">Twelve-tone technique</a></li>

<li><a href="20th_century_music" class="mw-redirect" title="20th century music">20th century music#Classical</a></li>

<li><a href="All_Through_the_Night_(Cole_Porter_song)" title="All Through the Night (Cole Porter song)">"All Through the Night" (Cole Porter song)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As every chromatic scale is <a href="Transpositional_equivalency" class="mw-redirect" title="Transpositional equivalency">identical under transposition</a>, <a href="Inversional_equivalency" class="mw-redirect" title="Inversional equivalency">inversion</a>, and <a href="Retrograde_equivalency" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrograde equivalency">retrograde</a> to every other.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFJeans1923" class="citation book cs1"><a href="James_Jeans" title="James Jeans">Jeans, James</a> (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.459051/page/n33/mode/1up"><i>Science and Music</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">24–</span>25 – via <a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Forte-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forte_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forte_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forte_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Allen_Forte" title="Allen Forte">Forte, Allen</a>, <i>Tonal Harmony</i>, third edition (S.l.: Holt, Rinehart, and Wilson, 1979): pp. 4–5. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-03-020756-8</bdi>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Walter_Piston" title="Walter Piston">Piston, Walter</a> (1987/1941). <i>Harmony</i>, p. 5. 5th ed. revised by DeVoto, Mark. W. W. Norton, New York/London. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-393-95480-3</bdi>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-B&S-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-B&S_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B&S_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBenwardSaker2003" class="citation book cs1">Benward, Bruce; Saker, Marilyn Nadine (2003). <i>Music in Theory and Practice</i>. Vol. I (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 37. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-07-294262-0</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benward & Saker (2003). "Glossary", p. 359.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Roger_Kamien" title="Roger Kamien">Kamien, Roger</a> (1990). <i>Music: An Appreciation</i>, p. 44. Brief edition. McGraw-Hill. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-07-033568-0</bdi>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcCartin1998" class="citation journal cs1">McCartin, Brian J. (November 1998). "Prelude to Musical Geometry". <i><a href="The_College_Mathematics_Journal" title="The College Mathematics Journal">The College Mathematics Journal</a></i>. <b>29</b> (5): 354–370 (364). <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07468342.1998.11973971">10.1080/07468342.1998.11973971</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2687250">2687250</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Joseph_Needham" title="Joseph Needham">Needham, Joseph</a> (1962/2004). <i>Science and Civilization in China, Vol. IV: Physics and Physical Technology</i>, pp. 170–171. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-521-05802-5</bdi>.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Hewitt, Michael. 27 January 2013. <i>Musical Scales of the World</i>. The Note Tree. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0957547001</bdi></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://robsilverguitars.blogspot.com/2010/05/chromatic-scales-for-guitar.html">The Chromatic Scale arranged for guitar in several fingerings. (Formatted for easy printing)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skytopia.com/project/scale.html">The 12 golden notes of music</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ianring.com/scales/4095">Chromatic Scale – Analysis</a></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Musical_scales_(list)142" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Musical_scales_(list)142" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Scale_(music)" title="Scale (music)">Musical scales</a> (<a href="List_of_musical_scales_and_modes" title="List of musical scales and modes">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Major_scale" title="Major scale">Major</a></li>

<li><a href="Minor_scale" title="Minor scale">Minor</a></li>

<li><a href="Pentatonic_scale" title="Pentatonic scale">Pentatonic</a></li>

<li><a href="Diatonic_scale" title="Diatonic scale">Diatonic</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bebop_scale" title="Bebop scale">Bebop</a></li>

<li><a href="Blues_scale" title="Blues scale">Blues</a></li>

<li><a href="Octatonic_scale" title="Octatonic scale">Diminished scale</a></li>

<li><a href="Distance_model" title="Distance model">Distance model</a></li>

<li><a href="Double_harmonic_scale" title="Double harmonic scale">Double harmonic</a></li>

<li><a href="Enharmonic_scale" title="Enharmonic scale">Enharmonic</a></li>

<li><a href="Enigmatic_scale" title="Enigmatic scale">Enigmatic</a></li>

<li><a href="Flamenco_mode" title="Flamenco mode">Flamenco mode</a></li>

<li><a href="Harmonic_Scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic Scale">Harmonic</a></li>

<li><a href="Harmonic_major_scale" title="Harmonic major scale">Harmonic major</a></li>

<li><a href="Harmonic_minor_scale" title="Harmonic minor scale">Harmonic minor</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazz_minor_scale" title="Jazz minor scale">Jazz minor</a></li>

<li><a href="Major_Locrian_scale" title="Major Locrian scale">Major Locrian</a></li>

<li><a href="Phrygian_dominant_scale" title="Phrygian dominant scale">Phrygian dominant</a></li>

<li><a href="Ptolemy's_intense_diatonic_scale" title="Ptolemy's intense diatonic scale">Ptolemy's intense diatonic</a></li>

<li><a href="Scale_of_harmonics" title="Scale of harmonics">Scale of harmonics</a></li>

<li><a href="Symmetric_scale" title="Symmetric scale">Symmetric</a></li>

<li><a href="Synthetic_mode" title="Synthetic mode">Synthetic mode</a></li>

<li><a href="Synthetic_scale" title="Synthetic scale">Synthetic scale</a></li>

<li><a href="Whole_tone_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Whole tone scale">Whole tone</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic origin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Algerian_scale" title="Algerian scale">Algerian</a></li>

<li>Arabic

<ul><li><small><a href="Double_harmonic_scale" title="Double harmonic scale">Double harmonic</a></small></li>

<li><small><a href="Major_Locrian_scale" title="Major Locrian scale">Major Locrian</a></small></li>

<li><small><a href="Quarter_tone_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarter tone scale">Quarter tone</a></small></li>

<li><small><a href="17_equal_temperament" title="17 equal temperament">17 equal temperament</a></small></li></ul></li>

<li>Brazil

<ul><li><small><a href="Escala_nordestina" title="Escala nordestina">Escala nordestina</a></small></li></ul></li>

<li>Gamelan

<ul><li><small><i><a href="Pelog" title="Pelog">Pelog</a></i></small></li>

<li><small><i><a href="Slendro" title="Slendro">Slendro</a></i></small></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Gypsy_scale" title="Gypsy scale">Gypsy</a></li>

<li><a href="Hungarian_major_scale" title="Hungarian major scale">Hungarian major</a></li>

<li><a href="Hungarian_minor_scale" title="Hungarian minor scale">Hungarian minor</a></li>

<li><a href="Istrian_scale" title="Istrian scale">Istrian</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_musical_scales" title="Japanese musical scales">Japanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Nusach_(Jewish_music)" title="Nusach (Jewish music)">Jewish nusach</a></li>

<li><a href="Neapolitan_scale" title="Neapolitan scale">Neapolitan</a></li>

<li><a href="Persian_scale" title="Persian scale">Persian</a></li>

<li><a href="Romanian_major_scale" title="Romanian major scale">Romanian major</a></li>

<li><a href="Ukrainian_Dorian_scale" title="Ukrainian Dorian scale">Ukrainian Dorian</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-octave</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alpha_scale" title="Alpha scale">Alpha</a></li>

<li><a href="Gamma_scale" title="Gamma scale">Gamma</a></li>

<li><a href="Delta_scale" title="Delta scale">Delta</a></li>

<li><a href="Bohlen%E2%80%93Pierce_scale" title="Bohlen–Pierce scale">Bohlen–Pierce</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Modes_in_Western_music321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Mode_(music)" title="Mode (music)">Modes in Western music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gregorian_mode" title="Gregorian mode">Gregorian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Authentic_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Authentic mode">Authentic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dorian_mode" title="Dorian mode">Dorian</a></li>

<li><a href="Phrygian_mode" title="Phrygian mode">Phrygian</a></li>

<li><a href="Lydian_mode" title="Lydian mode">Lydian</a></li>

<li><a href="Mixolydian_mode" title="Mixolydian mode">Mixolydian</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Plagal_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Plagal mode">Plagal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hypodorian_mode" title="Hypodorian mode">Hypodorian</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypophrygian_mode" title="Hypophrygian mode">Hypophrygian</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypolydian_mode" title="Hypolydian mode">Hypolydian</a></li>

<li><a href="Mixolydian_mode" title="Mixolydian mode">Hypomixolydian</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ionian_mode" title="Ionian mode">Ionian</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypoionian_mode" title="Hypoionian mode">Hypoionian</a></li>

<li><a href="Aeolian_mode" title="Aeolian mode">Aeolian</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypoaeolian_mode" title="Hypoaeolian mode">Hypoaeolian</a></li>

<li><a href="Locrian_mode" title="Locrian mode">Locrian</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypolocrian_mode" title="Hypolocrian mode">Hypolocrian</a></li>

<li><a href="Pentatonic_scale" title="Pentatonic scale">Pentatonic</a></li>

<li><a href="Reciting_tone" title="Reciting tone">Reciting tone</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Diatonic_scale" title="Diatonic scale">Diatonic</a><br><i><a href="Heptatonia_prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Heptatonia prima">Heptatonia prima</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ionian_mode" title="Ionian mode">Ionian (I)</a> (natural major and ascending melodic major)</li>

<li><a href="Dorian_mode" title="Dorian mode">Dorian (II)</a></li>

<li><a href="Phrygian_mode" title="Phrygian mode">Phrygian (III)</a></li>

<li><a href="Lydian_mode" title="Lydian mode">Lydian (IV)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mixolydian_mode" title="Mixolydian mode">Mixolydian (V)</a></li>

<li><a href="Aeolian_mode" title="Aeolian mode">Aeolian (VI)</a> (<a href="Natural_minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural minor">natural minor</a> and descending melodic minor)</li>

<li><a href="Locrian_mode" title="Locrian mode">Locrian (VII)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Jazz_minor_scale" title="Jazz minor scale">Jazz minor</a><br><i><a href="Heptatonia_secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Heptatonia secunda">Heptatonia secunda</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jazz_minor_scale" title="Jazz minor scale">Jazz minor (I)</a> (<a href="Ascending_melodic_minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascending melodic minor">ascending melodic minor</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Dorian_%E2%99%AD2_scale" title="Dorian ♭2 scale">Dorian ♭2 (II)</a></li>

<li><a href="Lydian_augmented_scale" title="Lydian augmented scale">Lydian augmented (III)</a></li>

<li><a href="Acoustic_scale" title="Acoustic scale">Acoustic (IV)</a></li>

<li><a href="Aeolian_dominant_scale" title="Aeolian dominant scale">Aeolian dominant (V)</a> (<a href="Descending_melodic_major" class="mw-redirect" title="Descending melodic major">descending melodic major</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Half_diminished_scale" title="Half diminished scale">Half diminished (VI)</a></li>

<li><a href="Altered_scale" title="Altered scale">Altered (VII)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Neapolitan_scale" title="Neapolitan scale">Neapolitan major</a><br><i><a href="Heptatonia_tertia" class="mw-redirect" title="Heptatonia tertia">Heptatonia tertia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Neapolitan_scale" title="Neapolitan scale">Neapolitan major (I)</a></li>

<li><a href="Leading_whole-tone_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading whole-tone scale">Leading whole tone (II)</a></li>

<li>Lydian augmented dominant (III)</li>

<li>Lydian minor (IV)</li>

<li><a href="Major_Locrian_scale" title="Major Locrian scale">Major Locrian (V)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Harmonic_minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic minor">Harmonic minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Harmonic_minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic minor">Harmonic minor (I)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ukrainian_Dorian_scale" title="Ukrainian Dorian scale">Ukrainian Dorian (IV)</a></li>

<li><a href="Phrygian_dominant_scale" title="Phrygian dominant scale">Phrygian dominant (V)</a></li>

<li>Lydian ♯9 (VI)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Harmonic_major" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic major">Harmonic major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Harmonic_major" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic major">Harmonic major (I)</a></li>

<li>Dorian-Locrian (II)</li>

<li>Neapolitan Mixolydian (V)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Double_harmonic_scale" title="Double harmonic scale">Double harmonic scale</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Double_harmonic_scale" title="Double harmonic scale">Double harmonic (I)</a></li>

<li><a href="Hungarian_minor_scale" title="Hungarian minor scale">Hungarian minor (IV)</a></li>

<li>Oriental (V)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Number of tones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Monotonic_scale" title="Monotonic scale">Monotonic</a> (1)</li>

<li><a href="Ditonic_scale" title="Ditonic scale">Ditonic</a> (2)</li>

<li><a href="Tritonic_scale" title="Tritonic scale">Tritonic</a> (3)</li>

<li><a href="Tetratonic_scale" title="Tetratonic scale">Tetratonic</a> (4)</li>

<li><a href="Pentatonic_scale" title="Pentatonic scale">Pentatonic</a> (5)</li>

<li><a href="Hexatonic_scale" title="Hexatonic scale">Hexatonic</a> (6)</li>

<li><a href="Heptatonic_scale" title="Heptatonic scale">Heptatonic</a> (7)</li>

<li><a href="Octatonic_scale" title="Octatonic scale">Octatonic</a> (8)</li>

<li><a href="Decatonic_scale" title="Decatonic scale">Decatonic</a> (10)</li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Notes_of_the_chromatic_scale32" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Notes_of_the_chromatic_scale32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Notes of the </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Twelve-tone_technique_and_serialism296" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#dbc3a3;"><div id="Twelve-tone_technique_and_serialism296" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">Twelve-tone technique</a> and <a href="Serialism" title="Serialism">serialism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Fundamentals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Combinatoriality" title="Combinatoriality">Combinatoriality</a></li>

<li><a href="Complement_(music)" title="Complement (music)">Complementation</a></li>

<li><a href="Derived_row" title="Derived row">Derivation</a></li>

<li><a href="Hexachord" title="Hexachord">Hexachord</a></li>

<li><a href="Interval_class" title="Interval class">Interval class</a></li>

<li><a href="Twelve-tone_technique#Invariance" title="Twelve-tone technique">Invariance</a></li>

<li><a href="Derived_row" title="Derived row">Partition</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cross_partition" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross partition">Cross partition</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Tone_row#total_chromatic" title="Tone row">Aggregate</a></li>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="Permutation_(music)" title="Permutation (music)">Permutations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Twelve-tone_technique#Transformations" title="Twelve-tone technique">Prime row</a></li>

<li><a href="Retrograde_(music)" title="Retrograde (music)">Retrograde</a></li>

<li><a href="Melodic_inversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodic inversion">Inversion</a></li>

<li><a href="Retrograde_inversion" title="Retrograde inversion">Retrograde inversion</a></li>

<li><a href="Multiplication_(music)" title="Multiplication (music)">Multiplication</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Notable<br> composers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a></li>

<li><a href="Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a></li>

<li><a href="Josef_Matthias_Hauer" title="Josef Matthias Hauer">Josef Matthias Hauer</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a>

<ul><li><a href="Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Alban Berg</a></li>

<li><a href="Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Arnold Schoenberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Anton Webern</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Charles_Wuorinen" title="Charles Wuorinen">Charles Wuorinen</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="All-interval_twelve-tone_row" title="All-interval twelve-tone row">All-interval twelve-tone row</a></li>

<li><a href="All-trichord_hexachord" title="All-trichord hexachord">All-trichord hexachord</a></li>

<li><a href="Atonality" title="Atonality">Atonality</a></li>

<li><a href="Duration_series" title="Duration series">Duration series</a></li>

<li><a href="Equivalence_class_(music)" title="Equivalence class (music)">Equivalence</a></li>

<li><a href="Formula_composition" title="Formula composition">Formula composition</a></li>

<li><a href="Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Modernism (music)</a></li>

<li><a href="Punctualism" title="Punctualism">Punctualism</a></li>

<li><a href="Semitone" title="Semitone">Semitone</a></li>

<li><a href="Set_theory_(music)" title="Set theory (music)">Set theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Time_point" title="Time point">Time point</a></li>

<li><a href="Trope_(music)" title="Trope (music)">Trope</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <a href="List_of_dodecaphonic_and_serial_compositions" title="List of dodecaphonic and serial compositions">List of dodecaphonic and serial compositions</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-11-06" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Chromatic_scale&oldid=1255651517">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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